In large-scale systems, reads dominate writes.Users expect fast responses, whether they’re searching, scrolling feeds, or loading product pages. This is why indexing and read optimization are critical parts of system design. In this blog, we’ll cover how indexes work, their trade-offs, and how search systems optimize reads at scale. What Is an Index? An index […]
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As systems grow, data becomes the hardest part to scale.Choosing the right database model and scaling strategy directly impacts performance, availability, consistency, and cost. In this blog, we’ll go deeper into SQL vs NoSQL, sharding, and replication, covering all essential concepts needed for real-world system design and interviews. SQL vs NoSQL Databases SQL Databases (Relational)
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As systems grow, performance and scalability become critical.Most real-world applications cannot rely on databases alone. This is where caching and proper storage choices play a key role in system design. In this blog, we’ll cover why caching is needed, how databases differ, and basic storage types—keeping it simple and practical. Why Caching Is Needed Databases
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Security and scalability are core concerns in system design.Before building distributed or microservices-based systems, it’s important to clearly understand authentication, authorization, and stateless services—concepts that are often confused but fundamentally different. Authentication vs Authorization Authentication Authentication answers the question:“Who are you?” It verifies the identity of a user or system. Examples: Authorization Authorization answers the
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Efficient traffic management is critical for building scalable, reliable, and secure systems.As systems grow, the number of users, requests, and services increases, making it essential to understand how traffic flows and how APIs are managed. In this blog, we’ll cover load balancers, reverse proxies, API gateways, and rate limiting with examples to make the concepts
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Understanding how distributed systems behave is critical for building reliable software.Two key concepts that guide system behavior are the CAP Theorem and ACID/BASE properties. This blog explains these concepts simply, so you can apply them in real-world designs and interviews. CAP Theorem CAP stands for Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. Key Points: Rule: In a
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Scalability is one of the most important concerns in system design.It defines whether a system can grow smoothly as usage increases or collapses under pressure. Many engineers understand scalability in theory but struggle to reason about numbers.This blog focuses on simple, practical scaling concepts and basic estimation techniques that are easy to apply in real
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System design is one of the most important skills for modern software engineers, yet it is also one of the most misunderstood. Many developers associate system design only with interviews, while others think it is relevant only for senior engineers or architects. In reality, system design is about thinking in systems — understanding how different
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